Extending LVM and expanding disk size on Linux

   27  growpart /dev/sda 3
   28  resize2fs /dev/sda3
   29  lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
   30  resize2fs /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
   31  df -h
   32  lsblk

If you have disk space already assigned to the VM from the host, you can verify using command lsblk

ravi@claude-1:~$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda 8:0 0 120G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1M 0 part
├─sda2 8:2 0 2G 0 part /boot
└─sda3 8:3 0 118G 0 part
└─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 252:0 0 118G 0 lvm /
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
sr1 11:1 1 1024M 0 rom

To expand partition, eg. /dev/sda3 you have to use growpart

root@claude-1:~# growpart /dev/sda 3
CHANGED: partition=3 start=4198400 old: size=121628672 end=125827071 new: size=247459807 end=251658206

Then resize logical volume to match partition size with lvextend

root@claude-1:~# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
  Size of logical volume ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv changed from <58.00 GiB (14847 extents) to <118.00 GiB (30207 extents).
  Logical volume ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv successfully resized.

And in the end expand it’s filesystem using resize2fs

root@claude-1:~# resize2fs /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
resize2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 8, new_desc_blocks = 15
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv is now 30931968 (4k) blocks long.

And you’re all set.
Before and after below.

ravi@claude-1:~$ lsblk
NAME                      MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda                         8:0    0  120G  0 disk
├─sda1                      8:1    0    1M  0 part
├─sda2                      8:2    0    2G  0 part /boot
└─sda3                      8:3    0   58G  0 part
  └─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 252:0    0   58G  0 lvm  /
sr0                        11:0    1 1024M  0 rom
sr1                        11:1    1 1024M  0 rom

ravi@claude-1:~$ lsblk
NAME                      MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda                         8:0    0  120G  0 disk
├─sda1                      8:1    0    1M  0 part
├─sda2                      8:2    0    2G  0 part /boot
└─sda3                      8:3    0  118G  0 part
  └─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 252:0    0  118G  0 lvm  /
sr0                        11:0    1 1024M  0 rom
sr1                        11:1    1 1024M  0 rom